Heraldry and grief

My father died just over two years ago. I’m still struggling with it. One thing that helps, however, is making good on the things I know he wanted to sort, but never did.

Over the years my father compiled several folders on Mackworth-Praed family history; including letters, email chains and original documents, as well as his own findings and notes. He also printed every article I ever sent him, and I’m glad he did – much of what is in those folders is no longer available on the Internet.

For over one hundred years, since 1715, the Mackworth-Praed coat of arms were described thus:

Quarterly, 1 and 4, Azure six mullets Argent, three, two and one (Praed); 2 and 3, Per pale indented Sable and Ermine on a chief Gules five crosses pattée Or (Mackworth). Crest: Out of a five-leaved ducal coronet Or a unicorn’s head Argent maned and horned Or.

These are the Arms I grew up with – my father had this very painting on display in our living room, and there was always more than one unicorn motif in our house. I recently learned, however, that the Arms the family had been using since William Mackworth’s (1694-1752) adoption of the name Praed in 1715 were never official – when Herbert Bulkley Mackworth-Praed (1841-1921) was granted a Royal Licence in 1909 to continue to use the name of Praed, there was no mention of Arms. Indeed, as I learned during my recent correspondence with the College of Arms, there is little to suggest that the Praeds were entitled to bear Arms at all.

“Praed of Trevethow in Lelant became extinct, after several descents, by the death of John Praed, Esq. in 1717. He left his estates to William Mackworth, Esq., a younger son of the family of Mackworth, of the Gnoll in Glamorganshire, on condition of his assuming the name of Praed.” – British History Online

Azure six molets argent.
The Arms of the Mackworth baronets of the Gnoll, descended from Herbert Mackworth (1687- 1765), first son of Sir Humphrey Mackworth (1657-1727). I am the descendant of Herbert Mackworth’s younger brother, William Mackworth (1694-1752), who in 1715 combined his surname with that of Praed.

The Arms of my great (x3) grandfather, Winthrop Mackworth-Praed, and of his descendants are pictured below – the same as those granted privately in 1404 to Thomas Mackworth of Derby and to his brother, John. The Arms were granted by John Touchet, lord Audley, for loyal services rendered to the Audley family and for the brothers’ valour at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356:

Per pale indented Sable and Ermine a chevron Gules fretty Or. Crest: A dexter wing per pale dancetté Sable and Ermine
The original Mackworth grant of 1404 was in the possession of the Mackworth baronets of Normanton (Rutland) at the time of the Visitation of Rutland of 1681-82. Source:
https://nltaylor.net/sketchbook/archives/146

One thing my father always planned to do was update the family pedigree. When he died, I re-established contact with the College of Arms and finally did so, even though (as things currently stand) I have no right to pass my inherited Arms on to my children. This is a separate issue, one which I’ve already written to The King, the Prime Minister, my MP, and the College of Arms about. If men can pass Arms on to their children without alteration, and inherit lands and titles, women should be able to, too.

In the meantime, I’ve begun the process of registering the Mackworth-Praed Arms here in Belgium, where inheritance laws are more equal. I feel it’s my responsibility to ensure my children also have the right to enjoy the Mackworth-Praed Arms, or at least enjoy the opportunity to enjoy them; however important they may someday end up finding heraldry or not.

Lastly, my father spent many years wondering if the original 1404 Mackworth grant of arms was still in existence. So I’ve been using The Peerage to track down 9th cousins once removed and ask if anyone happens to know anything about where the 1404 grant might now be. Because it would really be quite lovely to know it’s intact in the world somewhere, and to see it, in memory of my father.

Athrwys ap Meurig – the “real” King Arthur

There are a few candidates for the “real” King Arthur, and I recently discovered that my ancestor, Athrwys ap Meurig, is one of them.

I’m related to Athrwys ap Meurig through my 7th great-grandmother, Mary Evans of Neath, the heiress who claimed descent from Iestyn ap Gwrgant, the last prince of Glamorgan. The claim can be taken seriously, since her heraldic arms are the same, or are at least attributed to him. Mary married Sir Humphrey Mackworth in 1686 (we pre-date William Mackworth’s adoption of the name “Praed” to form “Mackworth-Praed” in 1733, here), and this is likely when the Mackworth-Praed family adopted the motto “Gwell angau na chywilydd”. The English translation is “Death before dishonour”, which is somewhat ironic—Sir Humphrey Mackworth was in 1710 himself accused of fraud, though no charges were actually brought against him.

Iestyn ap Gwrgant (1014–1093) was the last ruler of the royal house of Morgannwg, which had a lineage stretching back to Tewdrig (c.500-520). I knew this from previous research into the Mackworth-Praed family tree; I also knew that the royal house of Morgannwg were descendants of the celebrated Rhodri Mawr. What I didn’t know was that Tewdrig’s grandson was Athrwys ap Meurig (c. 605–655), a figure I admit I’d never heard of until I stumbled across the name a few days ago.

Athrwys was a prince (and possible king) of Glywysing, Gwent and Ergyng. One doesn’t have to go into the details to be compelled by his possible connection to King Arthur—for me, it’s in the names. There’s Caradoc Vreichvras (King Caradoc is a knight of the round table), Athrwys’ son Morgan ap Athrwys (Morgan Mwynfawr, or “Morgan the Generous”—his name to me sounds very like “Morgana” or “Mordred”), and some have even claimed Meurig ap Tewdrig (Athrwys’ father) used the name “Uther Pendragon”, which translates as “fearsome chief warrior”. Though it’s all a little more complicated than that, and there’s some debate as to which century Athrwys actually lived in, I think it’s pretty amazing that Athrwys (and perhaps his nearest relations) could have been the truth behind the Arthurian legends.

The kingdoms of Morgannwg, Gwent and Glywysing included land as far west as the River Loughor (or possibly the River Neath, which would link back to Mary Evans of Neath), and also encompassed land beyond the River Wye into the old Kingdom of Ergyng, south Herefordshire.

Though scholars agree that the name Athrwys comes from the archaic Old Welsh Antrēs, not Arthur; I feel use of the name “Arthur” for the legend could have evolved because of it’s similarity to Athrwys.

The Mackworth-Praeds have a very accessible family history. Composed mostly of lawyers, bankers, landowners and Members of Parliament (and my great-great-great-granduncle, the poet Winthrop Mackworth-Praed), there is a good public record, which can be traced back to Thomas Mackworth who, in 1404, received a grant of arms incorporating elements from the Audley and Touchet coat of arms in recognition of his (and his brother’s) valiant service to the Audley family; specifically at the Battle of Poitiers.

The link to Athrwys ap Meurig may not hold any real significance; after all, that far back everyone alive in 600 AD with a living descendant today is technically part of your ancestral tree. But perhaps it in part explains my attraction to the legends. At the very least, it gives me an excuse to write yet another Arthurian novel in the future, perhaps even one that centres around Athrwys ap Meurig himself.